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Saturday 28 December 2013

MAN O MANDELA: HIS LEGACIES!

“I was made, by the law, a criminal, not because of what I had done, but because of what I stood for, because of what I thought, because of my conscience...

...During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people...

...I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” 


Born Rolihlahla Mandela in Mveso, Transkei, South Africa 18th July 1918 and fondly called Madiba and Tata; he is popularly known as Nelson Mandela.




This personality has increasingly held the world in frenzious awe since the latter half of the 20th century up until his recent demise. In deed and in death, his memory is enmeshed in notorious fame whose embers will blaze a continual trail for generations unending to refer and learn.
Away from the troubled past incited by the governance misdemeanours of most of Africa’s independence leaders - who wittingly threw the tantrums into the post independence political cosmos of their countries. Thus, plunging Africa  to that continent laden with coup d’etats, civil wars, debt, ethnic upheavals, infrastructural decay and underdevelopment. Nelson Mandela’s legacies from the anti-apartheid struggle to the post apartheid era South Africa, leaves a sterling example in what is meant of exemplary quality leadership.




Driven and motivated by the passion of what he believed ought to be, he sought freedom and equity for all races in South Africa and never for once balked at his desire even when he was President of South Africa from the dominant race that has once been sore oppressed.
In life and in death, Mandela is ever eulogized as a beacon of morality in leadership, and his influence is always evoked at the slightest opportunity when needed - as seen recently in South Africa’s world cup bid success.
Amidst the adulatory eulogies showered the memory of Mandela, it is important to note and learn from the deeds of Mandela. Viz;


v  His ardent and fervent determination in the face of crushing opposition to his ideology and movement. Instead, his resolve increased and remained stronger than ever. Though sentenced to life imprisonment and destined to die, he said:

“Prison itself is a tremendous education in the need for patience and perseverance. It is above all a test of one’s commitment.” 
 
While in prison, he wrote his famous biography- Long walk to freedom (while not yet free) and above all, he bagged a long sought law degree amid providing a formidable leadership to his fellow prisoners while in prison.

v  He had a clear sense of his ideology and its ideals. Himself being an African Nationalist, he became fully absorbed into democratic socialism as he began his long term romance with politics in the ANC and governance in South Africa. Though during his struggles, he had alliances with western maligned communism and some absolute leaders in Gaddafi which made him being labelled as a terrorist by western governments. His clear ideological drive overtime won the hearts and minds of all those who once evil branded him as seen in eulogies poured out at his demise. This is a far cry from the inept ideological tendencies dominating the African political cosmos today. This has reduced politics and governance to a trivial ground for scores settling, unideologically driven cross carpeting, and money bag governance in most African Countries.
v  Even when at the helm of affairs as South Africa’s President, he distributed governing powers. His deputy, Thabo Mbeki concentrated on domestic issues while Mandela concentrated on foreign matters; and amid the cheers, he quit when the ovation was loudest after one term in office. This is a far cry from the bad exemplary governance of previous Africa independence leaders before him who turned their countries to one party states; and most had to be dislodged by coup d’etats, civil upheavals and sometimes bloody civil wars whose scars still lace the Africa political cosmos till this day. It is however sad to note that the governing ANC seems to be diverting from the exemplary ideals of Mandela leadership legacies
v  He loved his country to a fault. He never sought to leave or retire abroad; as such, he never had some foreign holdings of loots stashed abroad. No wonder he died at home. Some other African leaders would have retired/sought medical treatment abroad, died abroad and be flown home on demise.
v  He never had a stable family life. From three marriages (two ending in divorce), his personal life sometimes cast a shadow on his glorious credentials. His first marriage broke due to his wife’s irreconcilable ideology with his as she left him before he returned from one of his numerous incarcerations. Unable to forgive his adulterous  long term wife and companion, one may hold that moment with thoughtful grief as they barely had five years together (though spent in transit in and out of prison) before his eternal 27yr incarceration which could have had testing moments in the life of young Winnie. Some say he forgave his oppressors but couldn’t forgive his wife! In that he showed his mortal side in the face of secular knight ship and sainthood.

“I hate race discrimination most intensely and in all its manifestations. I have fought it all during my life; I fight it now, and will do so until the end of my days.”

In life and in death, Nelson Mandela remained an embodiment of political pietism and in that; he attained the status of a secular saint.
Whilst basking in the euphoria of having a man worthy of historical reference from Africa, it is most important for all who care to reminisce his memory to think and practice his deeds. Maybe such could be called Mandelasm (no calls for a political movement though)!

Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way.” 
“I can rest only for a moment, for with freedom come responsibilities, and I dare not linger, for my long walk is not yet ended.”

"There is nothing like returning to a place that remains unchanged to find the ways in which you yourself have altered"---
RIP Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18/7/1918- 5/12/2013)



Saturday 21 December 2013

SOUTH SUDAN: The PANGS OF NATIONHOOD!



Joyous scenes in Juba heralding the Independence of South Sudan on 9th July 2011
Source:BBCNEWS

On the morn of 9th July 2011, Mother Africa went through the throes of natality and South Sudan was born! Joyous crowds greeted that day in Juba, Bor, Rumbeck and Wau. Much joy was found from the Upper Nile, Jonglei; East, West and Central Equatorial States, all of which will now make up the world’s newest country.
It has been a long bloody journey to independence. From the initial independence of the Sudan in 1956, the peoples of the South of Sudan had fought a war against domination and Arabization. Dubbed Africa’s longest contiguous/running civil war, a truce/peace deal was signed in 1972 giving a break from the Anya Nya rebellion that had began about 1956.
Yet the underlying issues that led to rebellion not being addressed, the South (dark skinned, non-Arab and mostly Christian) culturally and ethnically different from the North; against a governing/dominating Pro-Arab Muslim North, the South in 1983 once again descended into a rebellious conflagration with the government sending John Garang (a Southern army officer) to quell the rebellion.


John Garang
Garang instead allied with the mutinous forces and forged the Sudan’s Peoples Liberation Army (SPLA), the armed wing of the Sudan’s Peoples Liberation movement (SPLM); thus launching a full scale second round of rebellion. Beginning in 1983, the war raged amid series of peace moves and finally a Comprehensive Peace Agreement deal was done in 2005, ending 22yrs of war. Under the deal, South Sudan was to be allowed self government for a six year period culminating with a referendum for self determination in the sixth year.
For all the troubles of John Garang, he didn’t live to enjoy the dividends of the peace deal as he died in a plane crash in July 2005; barely 3months after signing the deal. A crack seemed to simmer among the ranks of the SPLA/SPLM. Turning a rebel movement into an active political/governing force over a territory that has only known war, pillage, cattle rustling, marginalization and underdevelopment was no easy deal. The South made up of the Dinka-Ngok, Nuer, Shilluk amongst several other minorities began to simmer in ethnic tensions.
Though evident during the rebellion in the defection Peter Gadet and his militia from the SPLA to the side of the Sudanese government, a power struggle was waiting to happen after the death of charismatic Garang; with the highly educated Riek Machar and militarily vibrant Peter Gadet (both from the Nuer ethnic group) against a less educated military commander in Salva Kiir (from the Dinka ethnic group).
The lines of differences between the actors was bridged before the referendum which ensured independence. Plagued by ineptitude and corruption, the SPLA government made a poor start failing to learn lessons from older independent nations. Peter Gadet once more defected from the SPLM, kick starting a rebellion in the troubled Unity/Jonglei region which was flanked by General George Athor. These differences played into Sudan and barely months after independence, South Sudan and Sudan were at odds. Sudan occupying disputed Abiyei and South Sudan occupying the oil  fields of Heglig (Panthou). The world watched as both sides verbally sabre rattled at each other with President Omar Al-Bashir calling the South Sudanese government ‘Insects’ that must be flushed out.
With both sides struggling to contain internal rebellions, all out conflict was certainly not an option and overtime the conflict seemed to progress by proxy as both governments accused each other of supporting their respective rebel groups. Oil ceased to flow from South Sudan and both governments became cash strapped.
Tensions continued to smolder in South Sudan; defections, discontents culminating in the sack of the entire cabinet by President Salva Kiir. Then came heightened violence referred to as a coup attempt.
Once again, South Sudan is split along the lines of previous rival rebel movement- Peter Gadet and Reik Machar seeming to align against the main stream SPLM lead by Salva Kiir.
For years, these have fought side by side against the government of Khartoum and united by the cause of getting an improved status quo for the Southern Sudanese. Though there have been splinters in the past, upon getting their desired aim, it is up to the power players in South Sudan to make their nation great.
Like most African countries, independence leaders seem united at the onset fighting a common enemy in Colonialism. Upon independence, it has been the custom of most independence leaders to stifle opposition, promote nepotism, ethnic tensions and ultimately cement their places in power by declaring a one party state.
Such has been the pangs and throes of independence in Africa which has relegated most African Countries to third world statuship…. Miles behind the Asian Tigers who started the independence journey with most African Countries.
It is sad to note this trend in South Sudan. Barely 2yrs into independence, the country is embroiled in the same circle of violence familiar with SubSaharan Africa.
A Nation was born in South Sudan; young, ruddy and potent! She must learn from her elders else another failed state in the making! And who says secession is a solution to Africa’s ethnic/cultural mangle?..... see South Sudan!